Most fruit will thrive in areas with atmospheric precipitation between 600 mm and 900 mm during vegetation time. The timing of rainfall during vegetation is equally important. Plants are especially susceptible to drought during flowering time, floral bud formation, and fruit development. On the other hand, excessive soil moisture is not favorable either. The most sensitive fruit types, in this case, are cherries, sour cherries, and apricots. Changes in precipitation alter the expected production outcome. Optimal atmospheric moisture is between 65% and 75%. Excessive humidity can lead to fungal diseases and weaker fertilization, while decreased humidity leads to higher transpiration, falling of fruit, and weaker fertilization. Therefore, both atmospheric and soil humidity should be taken into consideration in orchard raising.

The wind is an unfavorable climatic factor in fruit production. It dries out the soil, disables insect pollination, leads to the falling of fruit, and can cause branches and even trunks to break. Apples and pears with short stalks are especially susceptible to fruit falling. On the other hand, a light breeze can have positive effects, mostly on plants that get pollinated by wind, such as walnuts. It is important to choose areas that are sheltered from the wind or choose types and varieties that are more resilient to this climatic factor. Wind influence can also be minimized by raising windbreaks (shelterbelts).

Orography encompasses factors such as altitude, exposition, the slope of the terrain, and proximity to water surfaces, and is in close relation to geographical latitude. Going further north, fruit prospers at lower altitudes. Different fruit types and varieties can possibly thrive, more or less, at different elevations. Terrain exposition is the position of the orchard towards the sides of the world and is conditioned by altitude and terrain slope. Southern expositions are warmer than Northern ones, regardless of their altitude. It is safe to say that apple fruit thrives best on Northern expositions, while stone fruit gives the best results on Southern expositions.
The slope of the terrain should always be taken into consideration when positioning the orchards due to the occurrence of soil erosions since landscaping can be costly. Mild slopes of 4-6% are suitable for fruit production. Water surface proximity has positive effects on the microclimate of the given area, and these orchards give higher yields, while the fruit is more intensive in color.

Soil properties such as depth, permeability, structure, mechanical and chemical characteristics should all be taken into consideration when planting an orchard. Sandy loam and loamy sandstone work best for fruit production. Chernozem is excellent for fruit orchards. Light soils and soils with too much clay are not suitable for high-production orchards. Heavy soils should be corrected, which is an expensive agrotechnical process. Fruit production on soils containing sand can be successful, especially when it comes to apple, cherry, sour cherry, apricot, plum, and pear, although with the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation measures.
Before orchard raising, chemical, physical, and biological analyses of the soil should be conducted. Special attention must be paid to hummus percentage and nutrients (potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen), as well as to the soil pH value. The soil should consist of 3% of hummus, 15 mg P2O5/100g of dry soil, and around 25 mg K2O. If these optimal quantities are not contained in the land, agro meliorative reparation of the soil should be executed. Certain soil should be adapted to suitable fruit types and varieties. Dry, poorer soils should be paired up with more vigorous rootstocks and rootstocks that succeed on these types of land.

Support systems (such as columns, wires, etc.) are used in orchards in the following situations:

1. When low vigorous rootstocks are used, in case their root systems are poorly developed.
2. When we aim for a specific training system form, such as palmettes. 
3. When the terrain is sandy or steep. Support systems are advisable in both cases, even on vigorous rootstocks, to prevent trees from curving. 
4. When we plant types and varieties that require support because of their growth habits, such as raspberries and blueberries, blackberries, and grapevines.

Metal or wooden columns are used. Their height reaches 2.5-2.8 m, while their width is around 10 cm. They are placed at a distance of 8-10 m from each other and 3 rows of galvanized wire are placed on them. The wire used on the columns is 3-4 mm wide. Reinforced concrete columns can also be used for this purpose. The marginal columns are 10x10 cm, while the inner ones are 8x8 cm in dimensions. Fruit saplings are planted after the columns are erected and anchored, cables are set up and the first row of wire is tightened. First, the planting spots are marked. This can be done by marking the wire with red paint or by using ropes at the distance that is predicted for the sapling planting. Columns and other components of the support system can be lifted after planting as well and even in fully developed orchards.

Soil maintenance in the orchard is important in the effort to reach optimal conditions for the root system to develop its full potential. Cultivating the soil in the given agroecological conditions we are establishing a balanced water, air, and heating regime so that all processes in the soil are developing optimally. The method of soil maintenance depends on various agroecological factors: the amount of precipitation, terrain slope, tree arrangement, rootstock, variety, training system, irrigation presence, etc. The most applied methods of orchard soil maintenance are clean cultivation and sod culture or sod mulch. Clean cultivation is used very often in orchards as it maintains the moisture in the orchard. The maintenance between the rows is done by the machines, and in the rows, the soil is farmed by hand, or tillers, or treated with herbicides. Autumn and early spring cultivation is done with a chisel plow in intense orchards. This way of maintaining the soil is the easiest for eliminating weeds, keeping the moisture in the soil, and an overall favorable water-air regime. The disadvantages are that the soil is weakened in structure over time, and it is necessary to fertilize the soil. So in modern orchards, every fourth-year soil is fertilized with manure or fertilizer grasses are sowed, that are plowed when they are in full flowering. In between rows, the grasses are sowed, and in the rows, between trees, herbicides are applied.